Before you shop loans, know this: because the seller is a family friend, FHA may require 15 percent down instead of 3.5 percent. That one rule can change your whole plan, and it has not come up anywhere in this thread. FHA calls it an identity of interest transaction. It applies when the buyer and seller have a pre-existing relationship, and close friends count, not just relatives. When it applies, the maximum loan-to-value drops and the minimum down payment goes from 3.5 percent to 15 percent. There are narrow exceptions, including where the buyer has been a tenant in the property for at least six months before the sale, certain family-member purchases, and employer relocations. But you should assume the rule applies until a lender tells you in writing that it does not. That matters for a first-time buyer because 3.5 percent versus 15 percent is often the difference between doing the deal and not doing it. So step one is not "which loan is best." Step one is telling a loan officer, in the first conversation, that you are buying from a family friend, off market. Some of them will not ask, and finding out at underwriting is brutal. The good news is you have options that dodge it: Conventional financing. Fannie and Freddie handle non-arm's-length purchases differently and generally do not impose the 15 percent penalty, though the appraisal gets scrutinized harder. For many buyers in your position, conventional at 5 percent down beats FHA at 15 percent down easily. A gift of equity, which the agents above correctly raised. If your family friend is willing to sell below appraised value, the difference can count as your down payment. It needs a gift letter and it has tax implications for them, so their CPA needs to be in that conversation early. Three other things about off-market purchases from someone you know: Get an appraisal and act on it. The single biggest risk in a friendly sale is overpaying because nobody wanted to negotiate. Order it, read it, and be willing to say the number out loud. Get an inspection anyway. People skip it when they trust the seller. Trust has nothing to do with the sewer line. Use a real purchase contract and a title company or attorney. Handshake terms between friends are how friendships end. Paperwork protects both of you, and you can say exactly that. Practical sequence: call two or three lenders this week, one national and one local credit union, tell each the identity-of-interest fact up front, and ask for a written pre-approval with the down payment requirement stated. Then talk price with your friend. I am Zoltan Peresztegi, a real estate professional in Los Angeles and the South Bay, not a lender. Confirm the identity-of-interest treatment with the actual underwriter on your file, because exceptions do exist and they are worth asking about. Zoltan


